Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspects, including

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable strength to safeguard delicate skin. This gentle component has long been used in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective characteristics. Establishing a physical defense on the skin's top layer, zinc oxide effectively absorbs harmfu